Start a new GRASS project

In this session we are going to see how to start a new grass project using a well standarized dataset: a DEM.

cd /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selvaje/SE_data/master/exercise/grass_newproject.ipynb
jupyter lab /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/grass_newproject.ipynb

Analize the dataset

[1]:
import rasterio
from rasterio.plot import show
# digital elevation model
dem = rasterio.open("/media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif")
show(dem)
../_images/GRASS_grass_newproject_3_0.png
[1]:
<AxesSubplot:>

We can see the metadata of the the DEM using gdalinfo.

The tif metadata should have well defined values such as: * projection has to be well defined as proj4, EPSG, * the extent should set at degree level (e.g. 14.0’) or with one digit after the degree (e.g. 14.1’), * the pixel resolution should be also well defined (e.g. 0.25’, 0.008333333’ not 0.008331234’ or 0.05214534’), * in case of using more then one data source the raster layers shold have the same extent and the pixel aligned,

[2]:
! gdalinfo /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif
Size is 5880, 8400
Coordinate System is:
GEOGCRS["WGS 84",
    ENSEMBLE["World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble",
        MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)"],
        MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)"],
        MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)"],
        MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)"],
        MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)"],
        MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)"],
        MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)"],
        ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
        ENSEMBLEACCURACY[2.0]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
    CS[ellipsoidal,2],
        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
            ORDER[1],
            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
            ORDER[2],
            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
    USAGE[
        SCOPE["Horizontal component of 3D system."],
        AREA["World."],
        BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],
    ID["EPSG",4326]]
Data axis to CRS axis mapping: 2,1
Origin = (-83.000000000000000,14.000000000000000)
Pixel Size = (0.008333333333333,-0.008333333333333)
Metadata:
  AREA_OR_POINT=Area
  TIFFTAG_DATETIME=2021:05:12 09:34:03
  TIFFTAG_DOCUMENTNAME=geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif
  TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE=pktools 2.6.7.6 by Pieter Kempeneers
Image Structure Metadata:
  COMPRESSION=DEFLATE
  INTERLEAVE=BAND
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  ( -83.0000000,  14.0000000) ( 83d 0' 0.00"W, 14d 0' 0.00"N)
Lower Left  ( -83.0000000, -56.0000000) ( 83d 0' 0.00"W, 56d 0' 0.00"S)
Upper Right ( -34.0000000,  14.0000000) ( 34d 0' 0.00"W, 14d 0' 0.00"N)
Lower Right ( -34.0000000, -56.0000000) ( 34d 0' 0.00"W, 56d 0' 0.00"S)
Center      ( -58.5000000, -21.0000000) ( 58d30' 0.00"W, 21d 0' 0.00"S)
Band 1 Block=5880x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Gray
  NoData Value=-9999

Create a LOCATION and MAPSET stored in a temporary folder

Using the flag –tmp-location we can create a LOCATION on the flight that will automaticaly removed when GRASS will be closed.

For this example we are goint to use: * r.slope.aspect to calculate the slope * r.out.gdal to export the GRASS raster to tif.

[8]:
%%bash

grass  --text --tmp-location /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif --exec <<'EOF'
r.external -e input=/media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif output=SA_elevation --o --q
g.list raster -p
r.info  map=SA_elevation
r.slope.aspect elevation=SA_elevation slope=slope
r.info  map=slope
# export the "grass slope" to a geotif.
r.out.gdal --o -c -m -f createopt="COMPRESS=DEFLATE,ZLEVEL=9" type=Int16 format=GTiff nodata=-9999  input=slope  output=/home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope.tif
EOF
----------------------------------------------
raster files available in mapset <PERMANENT>:
SA_elevation

 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Map:      SA_elevation                   Date: Mon May 20 11:37:09 2024    |
 | Mapset:   PERMANENT                      Login of Creator: user            |
 | Location: tmploc                                                           |
 | DataBase: /tmp/grass8-user-168760                                          |
 | Title:                                                                     |
 | Timestamp: none                                                            |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |                                                                            |
 |   Type of Map:  GDAL-link            Number of Categories: 0               |
 |   Data Type:    CELL                 Semantic label: (none)                |
 |   Rows:         8400                                                       |
 |   Columns:      5880                                                       |
 |   Total Cells:  49392000                                                   |
 |        Projection: Latitude-Longitude                                      |
 |            N:        14N    S:        56S   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |            E:        34W    W:        83W   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |   Range of data:    min = -400  max = 6736                                 |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Source:                                                             |
 |    /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GM |
 |                                                                            |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Description:                                                        |
 |    generated by r.external                                                 |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Comments:                                                                |
 |    r.external --overwrite --quiet -e input="/media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_\   |
 |    data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif" outp\   |
 |    ut="SA_elevation"                                                       |
 |                                                                            |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Map:      slope                          Date: Mon May 20 11:37:12 2024    |
 | Mapset:   PERMANENT                      Login of Creator: user            |
 | Location: tmploc                                                           |
 | DataBase: /tmp/grass8-user-168760                                          |
 | Title:    slope in degrees                                                 |
 | Timestamp: none                                                            |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |                                                                            |
 |   Type of Map:  raster               Number of Categories: 90              |
 |   Data Type:    FCELL                Semantic label: (none)                |
 |   Rows:         8400                                                       |
 |   Columns:      5880                                                       |
 |   Total Cells:  49392000                                                   |
 |        Projection: Latitude-Longitude                                      |
 |            N:        14N    S:        56S   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |            E:        34W    W:        83W   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |   Range of data:    min = 0  max = 90                                      |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Source:                                                             |
 |    raster elevation file SA_elevation                                      |
 |                                                                            |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Description:                                                        |
 |    generated by r.slope.aspect                                             |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Comments:                                                                |
 |    slope map elev = SA_elevation                                           |
 |    zfactor = 1.00 format = degrees                                         |
 |    min_slope = 0.000000                                                    |
 |                                                                            |
 |    r.slope.aspect --overwrite elevation="SA_elevation" slope="slope" fo\   |
 |    rmat="degrees" precision="FCELL" zscale=1.0 min_slope=0.0 nprocs=2 m\   |
 |    emory=300                                                               |
 |                                                                            |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Starting GRASS GIS...
Creating new GRASS GIS location <tmploc>...
Cleaning up temporary files...

          __________  ___   __________    _______________
         / ____/ __ \/   | / ___/ ___/   / ____/  _/ ___/
        / / __/ /_/ / /| | \__ \\_  \   / / __ / / \__ \
       / /_/ / _, _/ ___ |___/ /__/ /  / /_/ // / ___/ /
       \____/_/ |_/_/  |_/____/____/   \____/___//____/

Welcome to GRASS GIS 8.2.1
GRASS GIS homepage:                      https://grass.osgeo.org
This version running through:            Bash Shell (/bin/bash)
Help is available with the command:      g.manual -i
See the licence terms with:              g.version -c
See citation options with:               g.version -x
Start the GUI with:                      g.gui wxpython
When ready to quit enter:                exit

   0   0   3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30  33  36  39  42  45  48  51  54  57  60  63  66  69  72  75  78  81  84  87  90  93  96  99 100
Slope raster map <slope> complete
/bin/bash: line 5: r.mapcalc.tiled: command not found
WARNING: Precision loss: Raster map <slope> of type DCELL to be exported as
         Int16. This can be avoided by using Float64.
WARNING: Forcing raster export
Checking GDAL data type and nodata value...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
Using GDAL data type <Int16>
Exporting raster data to GTiff format...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
r.out.gdal complete. File
</home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope.tif> created.
WARNING: Precision loss: Raster map <slope> of type DCELL to be exported as
         Byte. This can be avoided by using Float64.
WARNING: Forcing raster export
Checking GDAL data type and nodata value...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
Using GDAL data type <Byte>
WARNING: The user given nodata value 0 is present in rasterband <slope> and
         would lead to data loss. Please specify a different nodata value
         with the nodata parameter.
WARNING: Forcing raster export.
Exporting raster data to GTiff format...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
r.out.gdal complete. File
</home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope_msk.tif> created.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Done.

Goodbye from GRASS GIS

GRASS rasters support three data types:

32bit signed integer (CELL) wich can be converted in GDAL using Byte/Int16/UInt16/UInt32/Int32
single-precision floating-point (FCELL) wich can be converted in GDAL using Float32
double-precision floating-point (DCELL) wich can be converted in GDAL using Float64

More info at https://grass.osgeo.org/grass83/manuals/r.out.gdal.html

[2]:
import rasterio
from rasterio.plot import show
slope = rasterio.open("/home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope.tif")
show(slope)
../_images/GRASS_grass_newproject_9_0.png
[2]:
<AxesSubplot:>
[31]:
! /usr/bin/openev/bin/openev /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope.tif
Default software rendering mode (use -h if accelerated video card installed).
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_Export.py
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_ShapesGrid.py
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_DriverList.py

The temporary folder is removed automaticaly when closing grass.

Create a LOCATION and MAPSET stored in a folder that can be accessed later on.

Using the flag -e we can create a LOCATION on the flight called “south_america” that can be access later on.

[3]:
%%bash
rm -rf /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america

grass -c /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif  -e /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america
Starting GRASS GIS...
Creating new GRASS GIS location <south_america>...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Cleaning up temporary files...

At this point the south_america LOCATION has been created with the defoult PERMANENT mapset

[4]:
! ls /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/
PERMANENT
[5]:
! ls -l /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT

total 36
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user  328 May 20 10:32 DEFAULT_WIND
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user    1 May 20 10:32 MYNAME
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user   65 May 20 10:32 PROJ_INFO
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user   10 May 20 10:32 PROJ_SRID
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user   40 May 20 10:32 PROJ_UNITS
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 1047 May 20 10:32 PROJ_WKT
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 4096 May 20 10:32 sqlite
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user   81 May 20 10:32 VAR
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user  328 May 20 10:32 WIND

we can proceed in using the south_america LOCATION & the PERMANENT MAPSET using this syntax:

[6]:
%%bash
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec <<'EOF'
r.external input=/media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif output=SA_elevation --o --q
g.list raster -p
r.info  map=SA_elevation
r.slope.aspect elevation=SA_elevation aspect=aspect --o
r.out.gdal --o -c -m -f createopt="COMPRESS=DEFLATE,ZLEVEL=9" type=Int16 format=GTiff nodata=-9999  input=aspect  output=/home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/aspect.tif
EOF
----------------------------------------------
raster files available in mapset <PERMANENT>:
SA_elevation

 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Map:      SA_elevation                   Date: Mon May 20 10:33:27 2024    |
 | Mapset:   PERMANENT                      Login of Creator: user            |
 | Location: south_america                                                    |
 | DataBase: /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb                           |
 | Title:                                                                     |
 | Timestamp: none                                                            |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |                                                                            |
 |   Type of Map:  GDAL-link            Number of Categories: 0               |
 |   Data Type:    CELL                 Semantic label: (none)                |
 |   Rows:         8400                                                       |
 |   Columns:      5880                                                       |
 |   Total Cells:  49392000                                                   |
 |        Projection: Latitude-Longitude                                      |
 |            N:        14N    S:        56S   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |            E:        34W    W:        83W   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |   Range of data:    min = -400  max = 6736                                 |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Source:                                                             |
 |    /media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_data/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GM |
 |                                                                            |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Description:                                                        |
 |    generated by r.external                                                 |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Comments:                                                                |
 |    r.external --overwrite --quiet input="/media/sf_LVM_shared/my_SE_dat\   |
 |    a/exercise/geodata/dem/SA_elevation_mn_GMTED2010_mn_msk.tif" output=\   |
 |    "SA_elevation"                                                          |
 |                                                                            |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...

          __________  ___   __________    _______________
         / ____/ __ \/   | / ___/ ___/   / ____/  _/ ___/
        / / __/ /_/ / /| | \__ \\_  \   / / __ / / \__ \
       / /_/ / _, _/ ___ |___/ /__/ /  / /_/ // / ___/ /
       \____/_/ |_/_/  |_/____/____/   \____/___//____/

Welcome to GRASS GIS 8.2.1
GRASS GIS homepage:                      https://grass.osgeo.org
This version running through:            Bash Shell (/bin/bash)
Help is available with the command:      g.manual -i
See the licence terms with:              g.version -c
See citation options with:               g.version -x
Start the GUI with:                      g.gui wxpython
When ready to quit enter:                exit

   0   3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30  33  36  39  42  45  48  51  54  57  60  63  66  69  72  75  78  81  84  87  90  93  96  99 100
Aspect raster map <aspect> complete
WARNING: Precision loss: Raster map <aspect> of type DCELL to be exported
         as Int16. This can be avoided by using Float64.
WARNING: Forcing raster export
Checking GDAL data type and nodata value...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
Using GDAL data type <Int16>
Exporting raster data to GTiff format...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
r.out.gdal complete. File
</home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/aspect.tif> created.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Done.

Goodbye from GRASS GIS

[37]:
! /usr/bin/openev/bin/openev /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/aspect.tif
Default software rendering mode (use -h if accelerated video card installed).
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_Export.py
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_ShapesGrid.py
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_DriverList.py

or with line by line syntax

[38]:
%%bash

grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec r.neighbors input=SA_elevation output=SA_elevation_10c_max method=maximum --o
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec r.info  map=SA_elevation_10c_max
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Map:      SA_elevation_10c_max           Date: Thu May 16 18:31:24 2024    |
 | Mapset:   PERMANENT                      Login of Creator: user            |
 | Location: south_america                                                    |
 | DataBase: /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb                           |
 | Title:    3x3 neighborhood: maximum of SA_elevation                        |
 | Timestamp: none                                                            |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |                                                                            |
 |   Type of Map:  raster               Number of Categories: 0               |
 |   Data Type:    CELL                 Semantic label: (none)                |
 |   Rows:         8400                                                       |
 |   Columns:      5880                                                       |
 |   Total Cells:  49392000                                                   |
 |        Projection: Latitude-Longitude                                      |
 |            N:        14N    S:        56S   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |            E:        34W    W:        83W   Res: 0:00:30                   |
 |   Range of data:    min = -153  max = 6736                                 |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Description:                                                        |
 |    generated by r.neighbors                                                |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Comments:                                                                |
 |    r.neighbors --overwrite input="SA_elevation" output="SA_elevation_10\   |
 |    c_max" size=3 method="maximum" weighting_function="none" nprocs=1 me\   |
 |    mory=300                                                                |
 |                                                                            |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <r.neighbors input=SA_elevation output=SA_elevation_10c_max method=maximum --o> ...
   0   3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30  33  36  39  42  45  48  51  54  57  60  63  66  69  72  75  78  81  84  87  90  93  96  99 100
Execution of <r.neighbors input=SA_elevation output=SA_elevation_10c_max method=maximum --o> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <r.info map=SA_elevation_10c_max> ...
Execution of <r.info map=SA_elevation_10c_max> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...

GRASS add-ons

Grass GIS has a modular architecture that allows users to extend its functionality through add-ons or modules. These add-ons cover a wide range of functionalities and are developed and contributed by the Grass GIS community. You can see the full list of add-ons at https://grass.osgeo.org/grass83/manuals/addons/index.html

For this exercise we are going to use r.mapcalc.tiled that integrate r.mapcalc in a multicore enviroment.

Installation

Open a bash terminal and run

cd /home/user
git clone https://github.com/OSGeo/grass-addons.git grass_addons

when the download has ben done you can proceed with the installation.

For this exercise we are going to use: * r.mapcalc.tiled add-on. * r.mapcalc

Nontheless also consider to install and test the following add-on:

[22]:
%%bash
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec g.extension extension=r.mapcalc.tiled  url=/home/user/grass_addons/src/raster/r.mapcalc.tiled
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec r.slope.aspect elevation=SA_elevation slope=slope nprocs=2 --o
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec time r.mapcalc.tiled expression="slope_msk = if(slope > 10, 10, 1)" width=5880 height=4200  overlap=0 nprocs=2 --o
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec time r.mapcalc       expression="slope_msk = if(slope > 10, 10, 1)" --o
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec r.info  map=slope_msk
# export the "grass slope_msk" to a geotif
grass  --text /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/south_america/PERMANENT --exec r.out.gdal --o -c -m -f createopt="COMPRESS=DEFLATE,ZLEVEL=9" type=Byte format=GTiff nodata=0 input=slope_msk output=/home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope_msk.tif
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Map:      slope_msk                      Date: Mon May 20 16:44:05 2024    |
 | Mapset:   PERMANENT                      Login of Creator: user            |
 | Location: south_america                                                    |
 | DataBase: /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb                           |
 | Title:                                                                     |
 | Timestamp: none                                                            |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |                                                                            |
 |   Type of Map:  raster               Number of Categories: 0               |
 |   Data Type:    CELL                 Semantic label: (none)                |
 |   Rows:         16800                                                      |
 |   Columns:      11760                                                      |
 |   Total Cells:  197568000                                                  |
 |        Projection: Latitude-Longitude                                      |
 |            N:        14N    S:        56S   Res: 0:00:15                   |
 |            E:        34W    W:        83W   Res: 0:00:15                   |
 |   Range of data:    min = 1  max = 10                                      |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Description:                                                        |
 |    generated by r.mapcalc                                                  |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Comments:                                                                |
 |    if(slope > 10, 10, 1)                                                   |
 |                                                                            |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <r.slope.aspect elevation=SA_elevation slope=slope nprocs=2 --o> ...
   0   0   3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30  33  36  39  42  45  48  51  54  57  60  63  66  69  72  75  78  81  84  87  90  93  96  99 100
Slope raster map <slope> complete
Execution of <r.slope.aspect elevation=SA_elevation slope=slope nprocs=2 --o> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <g.region res=0.0041666666666> ...
Execution of <g.region res=0.0041666666666> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <time r.mapcalc.tiled expression=slope_msk = if(slope > 10, 10, 1) width=5880 height=4200 overlap=0 nprocs=2 --o> ...
11.73user 1.22system 0:09.50elapsed 136%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 72268maxresident)k
11632inputs+16144outputs (48major+93774minor)pagefaults 0swaps
Execution of <time r.mapcalc.tiled expression=slope_msk = if(slope > 10, 10, 1) width=5880 height=4200 overlap=0 nprocs=2 --o> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <time r.mapcalc expression=slope_msk = if(slope > 10, 10, 1) --o> ...
5.34user 0.24system 0:05.52elapsed 101%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 38376maxresident)k
0inputs+6792outputs (0major+2484minor)pagefaults 0swaps
Execution of <time r.mapcalc expression=slope_msk = if(slope > 10, 10, 1) --o> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <r.info map=slope_msk> ...
Execution of <r.info map=slope_msk> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...
Starting GRASS GIS...
Cleaning up temporary files...
Executing <r.out.gdal --o -c -m -f createopt=COMPRESS=DEFLATE,ZLEVEL=9 type=Byte format=GTiff nodata=0 input=slope_msk output=/home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope_msk.tif> ...
Checking GDAL data type and nodata value...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
Using GDAL data type <Byte>
Exporting raster data to GTiff format...
   2   5   8  11  14  17  20  23  26  29  32  35  38  41  44  47  50  53  56  59  62  65  68  71  74  77  80  83  86  89  92  95  98 100
r.out.gdal complete. File
</home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope_msk.tif> created.
Execution of <r.out.gdal --o -c -m -f createopt=COMPRESS=DEFLATE,ZLEVEL=9 type=Byte format=GTiff nodata=0 input=slope_msk output=/home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope_msk.tif> finished.
Cleaning up temporary files...

As you can see not always the paralellization is beneficial

[16]:
! /usr/bin/openev/bin/openev /home/user/my_SE_data/exercise/grassdb/slope_msk.tif
Default software rendering mode (use -h if accelerated video card installed).
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_Export.py
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_ShapesGrid.py
Loading tools from /usr/bin/openev/tools/Tool_DriverList.py

Not all the GRASS module have been parallelized some example of parallization can be found here: https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/petrasovaa/FUTURES-CONUS-talk/blob/main/foss4g2022.html#/

Acknowledgments

This material has been developed as part of the NSF-funded POSE project TI-2303651: Growing GRASS OSE for Worldwide Access to Multidisciplinary Geospatial Analytics.

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